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<\/a><\/div>\nUmutlar\u0131 t\u00fckenmi\u015f bir milleti Milli M\u00fccadele ate\u015fiyle aya\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131p Anadolu\u2019nun vatan olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, bug\u00fcn 103 ya\u015f\u0131na giren T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni kuran B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ebediyete intikalinin \u00fczerinden 88 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk, 1881\u2019de Selanik\u2019te d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Annesi Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n arzusu do\u011frultusunda ilk\u00f6\u011frenimine Haf\u0131z Mehmet Efendi\u2019nin mahalle mektebinde ba\u015flayan Mustafa Kemal, daha sonra babas\u0131 Ali R\u0131za Efendi\u2019nin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u015eemsi Efendi Mektebi\u2019nde ilkokulu tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ortaokul e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in gitti\u011fi Selanik M\u00fclkiye R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi\u2019nden kendi iste\u011fiyle ayr\u0131lan Mustafa Kemal, \u00f6\u011frenimini Selanik Askeri R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi\u2019nde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc, ard\u0131ndan Manast\u0131r Askeri \u0130dadisi\u2019nden ikincilikle mezun oldu. Askeri \u00f6\u011freniminin yan\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 dil e\u011fitimi de devam eden Atat\u00fcrk, yazlar\u0131 izinli d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Selanik\u2019te Frans\u0131zca dersleri ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Daha sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelerek 1899\u2019da girdi\u011fi Harp Okulu\u2019nu 1902\u2019de te\u011fmen r\u00fctbesiyle tamamlayan Atat\u00fcrk, Harp Akademisi\u2019nden de 1905\u2019te kurmay y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle mezun oldu.<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal, kurmayl\u0131k staj\u0131 i\u00e7in 1905\u2019te \u015eam\u2019da 5. Ordu<\/a> emrine atand\u0131, Suriye<\/a> b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00fcst\u00fcn hizmetleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Be\u015finci R\u00fctbe\u2019den Mecidi Ni\u015fan\u0131 verildi. Merkezi Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n Manast\u0131r \u015fehrindeki 3. Ordu Karargah\u0131\u2019na 1907\u2019de atanan Mustafa Kemal, Selanik\u2019teki kurmay \u015fubede g\u00f6revlendirildi.<\/p>\n Mustafa Kemal, Manast\u0131r ve Selanik\u2019te g\u00f6revliyken 1909\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019daki 31 Mart Vakas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 bast\u0131ran Hareket Ordusu\u2019nda g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. Arnavutluk\u2019taki isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 1910\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen harekatta da g\u00f6revlendirilen Mustafa Kemal, \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n 1911\u2019de Trablusgarp\u2019a asker \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Tobruk\u2019a g\u00f6nderildi. Tobruk ve Derne\u2019de T\u00fcrk kuvvetlerini ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00f6netti ve \u0130talyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 Tobruk Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n Derne Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na 6 Mart 1912\u2019de atanan Mustafa Kemal, Ekim 1912\u2019de Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flay\u0131nca Gelibolu ve Bolay\u0131r\u2019daki birliklerle sava\u015fa kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve Dimetoka ile Edirne\u2019nin geri al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131nda etkili oldu.<\/p>\n \u201cVatan\u0131n m\u00fcdafaas\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcce bir vazife olamaz\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Mustafa Kemal, 1913\u2019te Balkan Harbi\u2019nden sonra Sofya ata\u015femiliterli\u011fine atand\u0131.<\/p>\n Ata\u015femiliter olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal, Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Vekaleti\u2019ne m\u00fcracaat ederek cephede g\u00f6rev almak istedi.<\/p>\n Kendisine \u201cSizin i\u00e7in orduda her zaman bir g\u00f6rev vard\u0131r. Ancak Sofya Ata\u015femiliterli\u011fini daha \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczden sizi orada b\u0131rak\u0131yoruz.\u201d cevab\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi \u00fczerine B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder, Ba\u015fkomutan Vekili Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019ya \u015fu mektubu yazd\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cVatan\u0131n m\u00fcdafaas\u0131na ait faal vazifelerden daha m\u00fchim ve y\u00fcce bir vazife olamaz. Arkada\u015flar\u0131m muharebe cephelerinde, ate\u015f hatlar\u0131nda bulunurken ben Sofya\u2019da ata\u015femiliterlik yapamam. E\u011fer birinci s\u0131n\u0131f subay olmak liyakatinden mahrumsam, kanaatiniz bu ise l\u00fctfen a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6yleyiniz.\u201d<\/p>\n Bunun \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal, 1915\u2019te Esat Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki 3. Kolordu\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 Tekirda\u011f\u2019da olu\u015fturulacak 19. T\u00fcmen Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atand\u0131.<\/p>\n Gelibolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019na asker \u00e7\u0131karan ve Conkbay\u0131r\u0131\u2019na ilerleyen d\u00fc\u015fman kuvvetleri, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn komutas\u0131ndaki 19. T\u00fcmen kuvvetlerinin taarruzuyla geri \u00e7ekildi. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, cephanesi biten T\u00fcrk askerine \u201cCephaneniz yoksa s\u00fcng\u00fcn\u00fcz var.\u201d diyerek, moral ve g\u00fcven verdi.<\/p>\n Mustafa Kemal, Conkbay\u0131r\u0131 taarruzu s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne isabet eden \u015farapnel par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n cebindeki saati par\u00e7alayarak d\u00f6nmesi sonucu mutlak \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtuldu. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, sadece Gelibolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131 Kuzey B\u00f6lgesi Muharebelerinin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7anakkale<\/a> Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, \u00c7anakkale Cephesi\u2019nin, \u0130stanbul\u2019un da kaderini tayin etti ve b\u00f6ylece \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019nda Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa \u201cAnafartalar Kahraman\u0131\u201d olarak \u00fcn kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00c7anakkale\u2019den sonra Do\u011fu Cephesi\u2019nde 16. Kolordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atanan Mustafa Kemal, 1916\u2019da Rus sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 durdurarak Bitlis<\/a> ve Mu\u015f\u2019u d\u00fc\u015fmandan geri ald\u0131 ve bu cephede generalli\u011fe terfi etti.<\/p>\n \u00dclkenin i\u015fgali \u00fczerine Samsun\u2019a hareket etti<\/strong><\/p>\n Filistin ve Suriye\u2019de g\u00f6revli 7. Ordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na 1917 temmuz ay\u0131nda atanan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, bir s\u00fcre sonra 2. Ordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tayin olsa da g\u00f6revi kabul etmeyerek Genel Karargah emrinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da kald\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Veliaht Vahdettin ile Almanya\u2019ya giderek Alman Genel Karargah\u0131 ve Alman sava\u015f<\/a> cephelerinde incelemelerde bulundu.<\/p>\n Suriye cephesinde 1918\u2019de yeniden g\u00f6revlendirilen Mustafa Kemal, 7. Ordu Komutan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131 ve bu s\u0131rada \u0130ngilizlerin as\u0131l ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130skenderun\u2019u i\u015fgal edip, kuzeye \u00e7ekilmekte olan 7. Ordu\u2019yu abluka alt\u0131na almak oldu\u011funu \u0130stanbul\u2019a bildirdi.<\/p>\n \u0130ngilizlerin \u0130skenderun\u2019u diren\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan 9 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019de teslim almas\u0131 \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, h\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezi ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 telgraf g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde, \u0130ngilizlere verilen tavizleri tenkit etti. \u201cB\u00f6yle giderse memleketin binbir t\u00fcrl\u00fc entrika ve istilaya maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d izah etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019ya, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ordular\u0131 Grup Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 7. Ordu\u2019nun la\u011fvedildi\u011fi bildirildi.<\/p>\n Pa\u015fa, bu acziyetin tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu ve emrindeki birliklerin komutas\u0131n\u0131 2. Ordu Komutan\u0131 Nihat Pa\u015fa\u2019ya b\u0131rakarak ayn\u0131 ak\u015fam Adana\u2019dan trenle \u0130stanbul\u2019a hareket etti.<\/p>\n \u0130stanbul\u2019da, 13 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019den 16 May\u0131s 1919\u2019a kadar kalarak memleketin genel durumunu yak\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131yla de\u011ferlendiren Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, \u00fclkesinin kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek Samsun<\/a> yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve istiklal m\u00fccadelesini ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u00dclkeyi d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgalinden kurtarmak amac\u0131n\u0131 gizli tutarak Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi g\u00f6reviyle \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Karadeniz yoluyla 19 May\u0131s<\/a> 1919\u2019da Samsun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kan Mustafa Kemal, 22 Haziran 1919\u2019da Amasya<\/a> Genelgesi\u2019ni yay\u0131mlad\u0131. T\u00fcrk milletine, \u201cvatan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve milletin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tehlikede oldu\u011funu, azim ve kararl\u0131l\u0131kla vatan\u0131n kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Sivas\u2019ta bir kongre toplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d bildirdi.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin verdi\u011fi g\u00f6revinden ve askerlikten istifa ederek, 23 Temmuz 1919\u2019da Erzurum\u2019da, 4 Eyl\u00fcl 1919\u2019da Sivas\u2019ta toplanan kongrelerin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu kongrelerde al\u0131nan, \u201cD\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 milletin vatan\u0131 savunaca\u011f\u0131, bu ama\u00e7la ge\u00e7ici bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulaca\u011f\u0131 ve bir milli meclisin toplanaca\u011f\u0131, manda<\/a> ve himayenin kabul edilmeyece\u011fi\u201d kararlar\u0131yla B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin de temelleri at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (TBMM), Atat\u00fcrk \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 23 Nisan<\/a> 1920\u2019de Ankara\u2019da tarihi g\u00f6revine ba\u015flad\u0131. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, Meclis ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n Milli M\u00fccadele ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anadolu<\/a> Ajans\u0131n\u0131 kurdu<\/strong><\/p>\n TBMM<\/a> a\u00e7\u0131lmadan 17 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, 6 Nisan 1920\u2019de, Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn talimat\u0131yla Anadolu Ajans\u0131 (AA) kuruldu. \u201cMilli M\u00fccadele\u2019nin sesini d\u00fcnyaya duyurmak\u201d amac\u0131yla kurulan AA, TBMM\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk yasalar\u0131 duyurdu, Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019nin ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti.<\/p>\n TBMM a\u00e7\u0131larak milli bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile \u0130tilaf Devletleri aras\u0131nda 10 A\u011fustos 1920\u2019de Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n \u201cSevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 bizce mevcut de\u011fildir\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Atat\u00fcrk, United Telegraph gazetesi muhabirine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak, \u201cSiyasi, adli, iktisadi ve mali<\/a> ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 imhaya ve neticede ya\u015fama hakk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 inkara ve kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 bizce mevcut de\u011fildir.\u201d dedi. Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile \u0130tilaf Devletleri aras\u0131nda imzalanan Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kabul edilmedi\u011fi TBMM taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyaya duyuruldu.<\/p>\n \u201cVatan\u0131n her kar\u0131\u015f topra\u011f\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131n kan\u0131yla \u0131slanmad\u0131k\u00e7a terk olunamaz\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u0130zmir\u2019i i\u015fgal eden Yunan kuvvetlerinin ilerlemesi, 1921\u2019de Birinci ve \u0130kinci \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015flar\u0131 ile durduruldu.<\/p>\n Yunan ordusunun 23 A\u011fustos 1921\u2019de yeniden taarruz etmesiyle Sakarya<\/a> Meydan Muharebesi ba\u015flad\u0131. Atat\u00fcrk, birliklere, \u201cHatt\u0131 m\u00fcdafaa yoktur, sath\u0131 m\u00fcdafaa vard\u0131r. O sat\u0131h b\u00fct\u00fcn vatand\u0131r. Vatan\u0131n her kar\u0131\u015f topra\u011f\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131n kan\u0131yla \u0131slanmad\u0131k\u00e7a terk olunamaz.\u201d diyerek tarihe ge\u00e7en emrini verdi.<\/p>\n \u201cMare\u015fal\u201d r\u00fctbesi ve \u201cGazi\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Ba\u015fkomutan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi T\u00fcrk ordusu, Yunan ordusunu bozguna u\u011fratt\u0131, Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi\u2019ni zaferle sonu\u00e7land\u0131rd\u0131. 22 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren sava\u015fta Yunan ordusu a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plara u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu zafer dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e TBMM taraf\u0131ndan \u201cMare\u015fal\u201d r\u00fctbesi ve \u201cGazi\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n Sakarya Zaferi\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan 13 Ekim 1921\u2019de Kafkas Cumhuriyetleri ile Kars<\/a> Antla\u015fmas\u0131, 20 Ekim 1921\u2019de Frans\u0131zlarla Hatay<\/a> haricinde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izildi\u011fi Ankara<\/a> Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk ordusu, vatan\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgalinden kurtarmak i\u00e7in 26 A\u011fustos 1922\u2019de kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7erek B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz\u2019u ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi 30 A\u011fustos 1922\u2019deki Dumlup\u0131nar (Ba\u015fkomutan) Meydan Muharebesi\u2019nde T\u00fcrk ordusu, Yunan ordusunu bozguna u\u011fratt\u0131. Ka\u00e7an d\u00fc\u015fman kuvvetlerini izleyen T\u00fcrk ordusu, 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019de \u0130zmir\u2019e girdi.<\/p>\n Anadolu\u2019yu d\u00fc\u015fman istilas\u0131ndan kurtaran b\u00fcy\u00fck askeri zaferlerin ard\u0131ndan 11 Ekim 1922\u2019de Mudanya Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131 ve \u0130tilaf Devletleri, i\u015fgal ettikleri T\u00fcrk topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, \u00fclkenin kaderinin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi, T\u00fcrk milletinin d\u00fcnyaya meydan okudu\u011fu, kahramanl\u0131k destanlar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k belgesi Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkiye heyeti ile \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya, Japonya, Yunanistan, Romanya<\/a> ve Yugoslavya aras\u0131nda 24 Temmuz 1923\u2019te Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na ili\u015fkin, \u201cBu antla\u015fma, T\u00fcrk milleti aleyhine, as\u0131rlardan beri haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zannedilmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir suikast\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder bir vesikad\u0131r.\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilk Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Atat\u00fcrk, Fransa\u2019da ihtilal ile kurulan cumhuriyeti, demokrasiyi ve y\u00f6netim \u015feklini inceledi ancak bunun ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n \u00dclkenin siyasal, sosyolojik ve ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011finden, demokrasinin sadece Cumhuriyet ile toplumun t\u00fcm kesimlerince i\u00e7selle\u015ftirilece\u011fini biliyordu.<\/p>\n Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn yak\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan, usta gazeteci ve yazar Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, \u201c\u00c7ankaya\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde, Cumhuriyet\u2019e giden s\u00fcreci ve Mustafa Kemal\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ana hatlar\u0131yla \u015fu c\u00fcmlelerle kaleme ald\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cRejimdeki ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc olmayan durumlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi zorunlulu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin devlet \u015fekli hen\u00fcz belirlenmemi\u015fti. Kanun-i Esasi\u2019de yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u015feklini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirlemek gerekiyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, padi\u015fahl\u0131k ve hilafet taraftarlar\u0131 hala vard\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n Atat\u00fcrk, Cumhuriyet ilan edilene kadar Cumhuriyet fikrini muhalefetle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle gizli tuttu ama yeni y\u00f6netim \u015feklinin \u00e7abuk kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Nutuk\u2019ta \u201cDevlet y\u00f6netimini, Cumhuriyet\u2019ten s\u00f6z etmeksizin, ulusal egemenlik ilkeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, her an Cumhuriyet\u2019e do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcyen \u015fekilde toparlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorduk.\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle kaleme ald\u0131.<\/p>\n TBMM taraf\u0131ndan 29 Ekim 1923\u2019te Cumhuriyet ilan edildi ve Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk<\/a> de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. 1938\u2019de vefat\u0131na dek arka arkaya 4 kez Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilen B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder Atat\u00fcrk, bu g\u00f6revi en uzun s\u00fcre y\u00fcr\u00fcten Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e y\u00f6nelik 14 Haziran 1926\u2019da suikast giri\u015fimi engellendi, eleba\u015flar\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019de tutukland\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder, suikast giri\u015fimine ili\u015fkin Anadolu Ajans\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201cAl\u00e7ak giri\u015fimin benim \u015fahs\u0131mdan ziyade mukaddes Cumhuriyet\u2019imize ve onun dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek ilkelerimize y\u00f6nelmi\u015f bulundu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur. Benim na\u00e7iz v\u00fccudum elbet bir g\u00fcn toprak olacakt\u0131r fakat T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ilelebet payidar kalacakt\u0131r.\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n Gazi Mustafa Kemal\u2019e 24 Kas\u0131m 1934\u2019te 2587 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la \u201cAtat\u00fcrk\u201d soyad\u0131 verildi ve bu soyad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131.<\/p>\n Ekonomi, d\u0131\u015f politika<\/a> ve tar\u0131mdaki hamleleri<\/strong><\/p>\n Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 1929 D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Bunal\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n etkilerini hafifletmek ve \u00fclkenin kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla 1933\u2019te Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Sanayi Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde d\u0131\u015f politikada da \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne girilmesi, Balkan Antant\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131, Montr\u00f6 Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/a> ve Sadabat Pakt\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgesel ve uluslararas\u0131 ad\u0131mlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6lgesinde ve d\u00fcnyada etkili bir akt\u00f6r olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n Tar\u0131ma ve \u00e7ift\u00e7iye de\u011fer veren Atat\u00fcrk, \u00e7iftliklerde 1925\u2019ten ba\u015flayarak 13 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle planl\u0131 ve ciddi bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131rd\u0131, \u00fcr\u00fcn vermeyen topraklarda \u00e7iftlikler kurarak bu topraklar\u0131 ziraata elveri\u015fli hale getirdi.<\/p>\n \u201cHatay, benim \u015fahsi meselemdir\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Atat\u00fcrk, ulusal meseleden ziyade, \u201cBenim \u015fahsi meselemdir.\u201d dedi\u011fi Hatay\u2019\u0131n ana vatana kat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yo\u011fun \u00e7aba sarf etti, bu hedef vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1939\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 57 y\u0131l s\u00fcren ya\u015fam\u0131nda, milletinin ve vatan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u0131lmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve girdi\u011fi her m\u00fccadeleden zaferle \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n Askeri ve siyasi dehas\u0131yla sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyan Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 10 Kas\u0131m<\/a> 1938\u2019de 57 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131\u2019nda saat 09.05\u2019te hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu.<\/p>\n Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn vefat\u0131 yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n Ata\u2019n\u0131n cenazesinin An\u0131tkabir<\/a> yolculu\u011fu<\/strong><\/p>\n