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G\u00f6kbilimciler, G\u00fcne\u015f’ten 30 kat b\u00fcy\u00fck dev bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n patlayarak yok olu\u015f s\u00fcrecini ilk andan itibaren g\u00f6zlemlemeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. \u00c7in’in uzay teleskobuyla tespit edilen \u015fok dalgas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya genelindeki \u00e7ok say\u0131da teleskop patlamay\u0131 aylarca takip etti. \u0130ncelemeler, dev y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n daha \u00f6nce bilinmeyen yollarla da patlayabildi\u011fini ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6kbilimciler, devasa bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n patlamayla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015ftan sona g\u00f6zlemleme f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakalayarak bu t\u00fcr \u015fiddetli olaylar\u0131n daha \u00f6nce bilinenlerden farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde de ger\u00e7ekle\u015febildi\u011fine dair yeni bulgular elde etti.<\/p>\n
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G\u00f6zlemler, \u00c7in’e ait Einstein Probe uzay teleskobunun mart ay\u0131nda anl\u0131k bir X \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 parlamas\u0131 tespit etmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu parlaman\u0131n, \u00e7\u00f6ken y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki patlaman\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fok dalgas\u0131n\u0131n dev y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczeyini yar\u0131p ge\u00e7mesiyle olu\u015ftu\u011fu bildirildi.<\/p>\n
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“\u015eok k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu olgunun her s\u00fcpernovada meydana geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ancak son derece k\u0131sa s\u00fcrmesi sebebiyle tespit edilmesinin \u00e7ok zor oldu\u011fu, son g\u00f6zlemin ise 2008 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana ilk kez yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi.<\/p>\n
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Astrophysical Journal Letters dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan iki bilimsel makaleden birinin ba\u015fyazar\u0131 olan Pittsburgh’daki Carnegie Mellon \u00dcniversitesinden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Brendan O’Connor, bu s\u00fcreci e\u015fzamanl\u0131 yakalaman\u0131n tesad\u00fcf gerektirdi\u011fini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n
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Di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Maryland \u00dcniversitesinde g\u00f6revli NASA Einstein Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Jillian Rastinejad ise \u015fok dalgas\u0131n\u0131n radar gibi i\u015fledi\u011fini belirterek \u015fu ifadeleri kulland\u0131:<\/p>\n
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“\u015eok dalgas\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n d\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve etraf\u0131ndaki maddeleri yar\u0131p ge\u00e7erken, X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131nda tespit etti\u011fimiz sinyal \u00fczerinde bir iz b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bu X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak \u00e7\u00f6kmek \u00fczere olan y\u0131ld\u0131za dair e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f yak\u0131ndan bir bak\u0131\u015f elde edebiliriz.”<\/i><\/p>\n
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Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, D\u00fcnya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00fcpernovan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu noktan\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f’in arkas\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlara kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 ay boyunca g\u00f6zlemleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. <\/p>\n
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Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki Chandra X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6zlemevi ile \u00e7ok say\u0131da yer tabanl\u0131 teleskop devreye sokuldu.<\/p>\n
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D\u00fcnya’ya yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 milyon \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131ktaki bir galakside yer alan y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n, patlamadan \u00f6nce G\u00fcne\u015f’ten yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 kat daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fctleye sahip oldu\u011fu hesapland\u0131.<\/p>\n
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Rastinejad, “Bu y\u0131ld\u0131z en devasa y\u0131ld\u0131zlar aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor, muhtemelen Betelgeuse’den daha b\u00fcy\u00fck” diyerek, Samanyolu Galaksisi’nde D\u00fcnya’dan yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 ila 600 \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131kta bulunan ve s\u00fcpernova \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen dev y\u0131ld\u0131za at\u0131fta bulundu.<\/p>\n
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Patlaman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan geride son derece yo\u011fun k\u00fctleli ve \u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bile ka\u00e7amayaca\u011f\u0131 kadar y\u00fcksek olan bir kara delik kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n
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Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n patlamadan \u00f6nce g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u0131ld\u0131z r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 sebebiyle hidrojen ve helyumdan olu\u015fan d\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 savurmu\u015f nadir bir dev t\u00fcr olan Wolf-Rayet y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n
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S\u00f6z konusu patlama “geni\u015f \u00e7izgili Tip Ic” s\u00fcpernova olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
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Bu t\u00fcr patlamalar\u0131n, d\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131 soyulmu\u015f ve f\u0131rlat\u0131lan maddelerin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlarda hareket etti\u011fi y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu olayda ise maddenin \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 10’undan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 savruldu\u011fu kaydedildi.<\/p>\n
GAMA I\u015eINI PATLAMASI TESP\u0130T ED\u0130LMED\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n S\u00fcpernova, genelde gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 patlamas\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n en y\u00fcksek enerjili formu olan yo\u011fun gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 parlamalar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc patlamalar\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fini sergiledi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ancak bu vakada gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 patlamas\u0131na dair bir kan\u0131t bulunamad\u0131.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n O’Connor, alandaki yan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f temel sorulardan birinin, \u00e7\u00f6ken baz\u0131 dev y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n neden \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131na yak\u0131n h\u0131zlarda maddeler p\u00fcsk\u00fcrterek gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 patlamalar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, benzer yap\u0131daki di\u011fer y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n ise bunu yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusu oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n S\u00f6z konusu p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmedeki h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket eden maddenin kendi i\u00e7inde \u00e7arp\u0131\u015farak g\u00f6r\u00fclen gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretti\u011fini belirten O’Connor, p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmenin y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczeyi veya son a\u015famada y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen yo\u011fun madde taraf\u0131ndan engellenmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n O’Connor, engellenen p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n onlarca y\u0131l \u00f6nce teorile\u015ftirildi\u011fini ancak hen\u00fcz kesin olarak tan\u0131mlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak, “Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ile engellenmi\u015f bir p\u00fcsk\u00fcrme aras\u0131ndaki fark, p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmenin \u00e7evreleyen y\u0131ld\u0131z maddesinden \u00e7\u0131kacak kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 veya g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olup olmamas\u0131d\u0131r” dedi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan s\u00f6z konusu olay\u0131n, gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 patlamas\u0131 ve madde p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmesi olmadan g\u00f6zlemlenen kendi t\u00fcr\u00fcndeki ilk s\u00fcpernova oldu\u011fu bildirildi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Rastinejad, bu bulgunun en devasa y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00f6kbilimcilerin daha \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden daha farkl\u0131 yollarla \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Rastinejad, bu u\u00e7 s\u00fcpernovalar\u0131n astrofizik\u00e7iler i\u00e7in D\u00fcnya’da yeniden olu\u015fturulamayacak y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluk ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k gibi ekstrem ko\u015fullarda fizik yasalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini inceleme f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunan birer laboratuvar oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n