bilim<\/a> insanlar\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren \u201cMars\u2019ta ya\u015fam bulunamad\u0131\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn, verilerin hatal\u0131 yorumlanmas\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
Viking 1 ve Viking 2, 1976\u2019da Mars\u2019a indi. Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 ya\u015fam tespit deneyi bulunuyordu ve bu deneyler olumlu sonu\u00e7lar verdi. Ancak ba\u015fka bir cihaz\u0131n, Gaz Kromatografisi-K\u00fctle Spektrometresi (GC-MS), ya\u015fam i\u00e7in gerekli organik molek\u00fclleri tespit edememesi, Viking Projesi\u2019nin ba\u015f bilim insan\u0131 Gerald Soffen\u2019i me\u015fhur \u015fu sonuca g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc: \u201cBeden yoksa, ya\u015fam da yok.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Bu yorum y\u0131llarca ders kitaplar\u0131na girdi. Ancak Florida\u2019daki Applied Molecular Evolution Vakf\u0131\u2019ndan kimya profes\u00f6r\u00fc Steve Benner liderli\u011findeki bir ekip, Viking verilerinin asl\u0131nda bamba\u015fka bir hik\u00e2ye anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
B\u0130R D\u0130\u011eER \u0130HT\u0130MAL<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
Benner\u2019e g\u00f6re sorun, cihaz\u0131n ne buldu\u011funda de\u011fil, nas\u0131l yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yat\u0131yor. GC-MS deneyinde Mars topra\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nce 120 dereceye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak karbondioksitten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, ard\u0131ndan 630 dereceye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak organik maddelerin buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflendi.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ancak sonu\u00e7lar \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131: Beklenen organik molek\u00fcller yerine ikinci bir karbondioksit patlamas\u0131 ile birlikte az miktarda metil klor\u00fcr ve metilen klor\u00fcr tespit edildi. Viking ekibi, bunun Mars\u2019taki bilinmeyen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir oksitleyici maddenin organikleri yok etti\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini savundu. Metil klor\u00fcr ise D\u00fcnya\u2019daki temiz odalarda kullan\u0131lan temizlik kimyasallar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bir bula\u015fma olarak yorumland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Benner bu noktaya itiraz ediyor: \u201cMetil klor\u00fcr bir temizlik solventi de\u011fildir; eksi 24 derecede kaynayan bir gazd\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
ASIL ANAHTAR: PERKLORAT<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
Y\u0131llarca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen bu bilmeceye \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan geli\u015fme, 2008\u2019de NASA\u2019n\u0131n Phoenix arac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Mars y\u00fczeyinde perklorat ke\u015ffedilmesi oldu. Perklorat g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir oksitleyici; meteorlarla gelen organik maddeleri binlerce y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yok edebilecek kadar etkili, ancak Viking\u2019in \u201c\u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oksitleyici\u201d varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klayacak kadar de\u011fil.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Sonraki k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131 ise 2010\u2019da geldi. NASA astrobiyolo\u011fu Rafael Navarro-Gonz\u00e1lez, organik maddeler ile perklorat birlikte \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sonu\u00e7ta y\u00fczde 99 karbondioksit ve y\u00fczde 1 metil klor\u00fcr olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Space.com\u2019a konu\u015fan Benner\u2019e g\u00f6re bu, Viking\u2019in g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gizemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 birebir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
D\u0130\u011eER DENEYLER YA\u015eAMI MI G\u00d6STER\u0130YORDU?<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
E\u011fer Mars\u2019ta ger\u00e7ekten organik molek\u00fcller varsa, Viking ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015fam deneyinde ya\u015fam tespit edilmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi ihtimali g\u00fc\u00e7leniyor. Bu durumda, Viking ekibinin varsayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 o \u201cson derece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve bug\u00fcne kadar hi\u00e7 bulunamam\u0131\u015f oksitleyiciye\u201d de gerek kalm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri savunan isimlerden biri de, Label Release deneyinin ba\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Gil Levin\u2019di. Levin, deneyinin Mars\u2019ta ya\u015fam buldu\u011funa hayat\u0131 boyunca inand\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
MARS M\u0130KROPLARI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N MODEL GEL\u0130\u015eT\u0130RD\u0130LER<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
Benner ve ekibi, olas\u0131 Mars mikroplar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l olabilece\u011fine dair bir model bile geli\u015ftirdi: BARSOOM modeli.<\/p>\n
Bu modele g\u00f6re Mars\u2019taki mikroplar, fotosentez yapan ototrof bakteriler olabilir. G\u00fcnd\u00fcz oksijen \u00fcretip gece uykuya ge\u00e7en bu canl\u0131lar, \u00fcrettikleri oksijeni depolayarak tekrar aktif olduklar\u0131nda kullan\u0131yor olabilir. Bu da Viking\u2019in oksijen sal\u0131m\u0131 tespit eden Gas Exchange deneyini a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Benner\u2019e g\u00f6re GC-MS verilerinin yanl\u0131\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131, Mars\u2019taki ya\u015fam ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131m as\u0131r geriye att\u0131. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fma yerine, \u201cViking ya\u015fam bulamad\u0131\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc resmi dogma haline geldi ve ders kitaplar\u0131na yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi, Viking 1 ve 2\u2019nin Mars\u2019a ini\u015finin 50. y\u0131l\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131rken Benner, bu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yeniden ve a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"NASA\u2019n\u0131n 1970\u2019lerde Mars\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi Viking uzay arac\u0131 g\u00f6revlerinin, asl\u0131nda K\u0131z\u0131l Gezegen\u2019de ya\u015fama dair kan\u0131tlar bulmu\u015f olabilece\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u00a0 Baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren \u201cMars\u2019ta ya\u015fam bulunamad\u0131\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn, verilerin hatal\u0131 yorumlanmas\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. \u00a0 Viking 1 ve Viking 2, 1976\u2019da Mars\u2019a indi. Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 ya\u015fam tespit deneyi bulunuyordu ve bu deneyler […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":908,"featured_media":37148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/kibrisayna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mars-viking-slide-963720.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kibrisayna.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kibrisayna.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kibrisayna.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kibrisayna.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/908"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kibrisayna.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kibrisayna.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kibrisayna.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kibrisayna.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kibrisayna.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kibrisayna.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}