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![\"Mars'\u0131n](\"https:\/\/cdn1.ntv.com.tr\/gorsel\/qDkeYL3vYkGSHYtLU3Vazg.jpg?width=1200&mode=crop&scale=both\")
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Utrecht \u00dcniversitesinden bilim insanlar\u0131, Mars y\u00fczeyindeki gizemli yar\u0131klar\u0131n donmu\u015f karbondioksit bloklar\u0131n\u0131n kaymas\u0131yla olu\u015ftu\u011funu ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n
Utrecht \u00dcniversitesi, Mars y\u00fczeyindeki gizemli yar\u0131klar\u0131n nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funa dair \u00f6nemli bir bulguya imza att\u0131.<\/p>\n
Geophysical Research Letters dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, bu olu\u015fumlar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda kuru buz olarak da bilinen donmu\u015f karbondioksit bloklar\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten yerbilimci Dr. Lonneke Roelofs ve ekibi, Mars ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 birebir taklit eden laboratuvar deneylerinde, karbondioksit buz bloklar\u0131n\u0131n gezegenin ince atmosferinde kayarken ve do\u011frudan gaz faz\u0131na ge\u00e7erek (s\u00fcblimle\u015fme) kumda kanallar a\u00e7abildi\u011fini kan\u0131tlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Roelofs, deney s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6zlemlerini, \u201cKumun i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en buz bloklar\u0131n\u0131 izlerken kendimi Dune filmindeki kum solucanlar\u0131n\u0131 seyreder gibi hissettim\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
TEOR\u0130 \u0130LK KEZ \u0130SPAT ED\u0130LD\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda bilim insanlar\u0131, karbondioksit buzunun Mars\u2019taki kumul olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirmede rol oynayabilece\u011fini uzun s\u00fcredir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Fakat bu teoriyi do\u011frudan kan\u0131tlayan bir deney bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Roelofs ve ekibi, laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda kuru buz bloklar\u0131yla yar\u0131klar olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ba\u015fararak D\u00fcnya\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyen ve daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6zlemlenmemi\u015f do\u011fal bir s\u00fcreci de ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n Mars\u2019ta k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n eksi 120 dereceye kadar d\u00fc\u015fmesi, kumullar\u0131n \u00fczerinde karbondioksit buzu tabakalar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Bahar geldi\u011finde ise G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 bu tabakalar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tarak karars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor; nitekim bazen bir metreye varan b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte buz k\u00fctleleri e\u011fimlerden kopuyor.<\/p>\n Bununla birlikte, gezegenin ince atmosferi ve kumla buz aras\u0131ndaki keskin s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131, bloklar\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla s\u00fcblimle\u015fmesine neden oluyor.<\/p>\n Olu\u015fan gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 da buzun adeta \u201cpatlamas\u0131na\u201d yol a\u00e7arak \u00e7evresindeki kumu her y\u00f6ne savuruyor.<\/p>\n NASA G\u00d6R\u00dcNT\u00dcLER\u0130YLE \u00d6RT\u00dc\u015e\u00dcYOR<\/strong><\/p>\n Science Daily’nin haberine g\u00f6re Roelofs, deneydeki bu s\u00fcreci, \u201cY\u00fcksek gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n blo\u011fun \u00e7evresindeki kumu her y\u00f6ne nas\u0131l f\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rd\u00fcm\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n S\u00fcblimle\u015fme devam ettik\u00e7e buz blo\u011fu yava\u015f\u00e7a yama\u00e7 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131yor ve bu s\u0131rada iki yan\u0131nda y\u00fckseltiler bulunan uzun bir hendek a\u00e7\u0131yor. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu izler, NASA\u2019n\u0131n HiRISE kameras\u0131yla \u00e7ekilen Mars kumullar\u0131ndaki yar\u0131klara b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde benziyor.<\/p>\n Mars y\u00fczeyinin jeolojik bi\u00e7imlenmesini inceleyen Roelofs, daha \u00f6nce s\u00fcblimle\u015fen karbondioksit buzunun krater duvarlar\u0131nda derin kanallar a\u00e7an moloz ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tetikleyebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Roelofs, \u201cBu ara\u015ft\u0131rmadaki yar\u0131klar farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla arkas\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Ben de bunu bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m\u201d ifadesini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n DENEY \u00d6ZEL “MARS ODASINDA” YAPILDI<\/strong><\/p>\n Roelofs, bu olguyu daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 incelemek amac\u0131yla y\u00fcksek lisans \u00f6\u011frencisi Simone Visschers ile birlikte \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Milton Keynes kentindeki A\u00e7\u0131k \u00dcniversitede yer alan \u00f6zel \u201cMars odas\u0131nda\u201d deneyler yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n S\u00f6z konusu tesis, Mars\u2019\u0131n \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 birebir taklit edecek \u015fekilde tasarland\u0131 ve proje, \u0130ngiliz Jeomorfoloji Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan finanse edildi.<\/p>\n Deneyin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fan Roelofs, \u201cFarkl\u0131 e\u011fim a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yla kumul yama\u00e7lar\u0131 olu\u015fturup \u00e7e\u015fitli denemeler yapt\u0131k. Karbondioksit blo\u011funu e\u011fimin tepesinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131k ve ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemledik. Do\u011fru e\u011fimi buldu\u011fumuzda nihayet bekledi\u011fimiz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ald\u0131k\u201d diye konu\u015ftu. Roelofs, s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc:<\/p>\n \u201cKuru buz blo\u011fu, bir k\u00f6stebek ya da Dune\u2019daki kum solucanlar\u0131 gibi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru kaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten garip g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.\u201d<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu karbondioksit buz bloklar\u0131n\u0131n Mars\u2019ta nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011fu sorusuna da yan\u0131t veriyor. Roelofs, bu bloklar\u0131n gezegenin g\u00fcney yar\u0131mk\u00fcresindeki \u00e7\u00f6l kumullar\u0131nda geli\u015fti\u011fi bilgisini payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n K\u0131\u015f\u0131n, kumul alanlar\u0131 bazen 70 santimetre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fan karbondioksit tabakas\u0131yla kaplan\u0131yor. Baharda s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e bu tabaka s\u00fcblimle\u015fiyor ve g\u00f6lgede kalan kumul tepelerinden par\u00e7alar koparak bloklar halinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Yama\u00e7 taban\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda ise s\u00fcblimle\u015fme devam ediyor ve karbondioksit tamamen gaz haline ge\u00e7ti\u011finde kumda geriye bo\u015f bir \u00e7ukur kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n “D\u00dcNYA’YA BAKI\u015e A\u00c7IMIZI GEN\u0130\u015eLET\u0130YOR”<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Mars\u2019a olan ilgisini de de\u011ferlendiren Roelofs, \u201cMars en yak\u0131n kom\u015fumuz. G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nde \u2018ye\u015fil ku\u015fak\u2019a en yak\u0131n kayal\u0131k gezegen. S\u0131v\u0131 suyun var olabilece\u011fi ko\u015fullar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, hayat\u0131n k\u00f6kenine ve olas\u0131 d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fama dair sorular\u0131n burada yan\u0131tlanabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesini yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n Roelofs, son olarak \u015funlar\u0131 ekledi: \u201cAyr\u0131ca ba\u015fka gezegenlerin y\u00fczey \u015fekillenme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak, D\u00fcnya\u2019ya bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da geni\u015fletiyor. Bu da farkl\u0131 sorular sormam\u0131za ve kendi gezegenimizdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7leri daha iyi anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor.\u201d<\/p>\n