\n<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 bilim camias\u0131 ve medya, G\u00fcne\u015f’e saatte 210 bin kilometre h\u0131zla yakla\u015fan yeni bir y\u0131ld\u0131zlararas\u0131 cismi haftalard\u0131r tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor: 3I\/ATLAS.<\/p>\n
1 Temmuz\u2019da ke\u015ffedilen ve G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen y\u0131ld\u0131zlararas\u0131 bir nesne oldu\u011fu teyit edilen bu gizemli cisim, \u00e7o\u011fu bilim insan\u0131na g\u00f6re bir kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Ancak tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 iddialar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan Harvard \u00dcniversitesi’nden g\u00f6kbilimci Avi Loeb ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu cisim, geli\u015fmi\u015f ve “muhtemelen d\u00fc\u015fmanca yakla\u015fan” bir uzayl\u0131 medeniyetine ait bir t\u00fcr gizli teknoloji<\/a> olabilir.<\/p>\n Loeb’in bu cismi s\u0131kl\u0131kla “uzay arac\u0131 filosu” diye adland\u0131rmas\u0131 bilimkurgunun vazge\u00e7ilmez temalar\u0131ndan biri olan “D\u00fcnya’y\u0131 i\u015fgale haz\u0131rlanan uzayl\u0131lar” senaryosunu g\u00fcndeme getirdi.<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda 3I\/ATLAS’\u0131n bir kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z oldu\u011fu son d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n Ancak Loeb’in yeni yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir makalede cismin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin do\u011fal olamayacak kadar d\u00fczg\u00fcn oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmesi, tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yeniden alevlendirdi.<\/p>\n \u0130lk g\u00f6zlemler, 3I\/ATLAS\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z oldu\u011funu ve \u00e7evresinde buz, gaz ve tozdan olu\u015fan 24 kilometre \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir koma (atmosfer benzeri yap\u0131) bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Daha sonra yapay zeka destekli bir sim\u00fclasyon, bu g\u00f6kcisminin G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nden 3 milyar y\u0131l daha ya\u015fl\u0131 olabilece\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftu. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar onu \u015fimdiye kadar g\u00f6zlemlenen en ya\u015fl\u0131 kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z yapabilir.<\/p>\n Gizemli cisim ayn\u0131 zamanda G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nde \u015fimdiye kadar g\u00f6zlemlenen en h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131zlararas\u0131 ziyaret\u00e7i.<\/p>\n Astronomlar, a\u011fustos ay\u0131nda 3I\/ATLAS\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyerek s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 di\u011fer \u00f6zelliklerini de ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dcstelik NASA\u2019n\u0131n James Webb Uzay<\/a> Teleskobu\u2019yla yap\u0131lan k\u0131sa g\u00f6zlem, 3I\/ATLAS\u2019\u0131n D\u00fcnya\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret eden uzayl\u0131lara ait bir teknolojik ara\u00e7 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sona erdirebilecek nitelikteydi.<\/p>\n James Webb Uzay Teleskobu\u2019nun g\u00f6zlemi, 3I\/ATLAS\u2019\u0131n komas\u0131n\u0131n (kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zdaki buzun G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e yakla\u015f\u0131rken gaz haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fan kuyruk) bile\u015fimini detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde ortaya koymu\u015ftu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, 3I\/ATLAS\u2019\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcne do\u011fru s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 gaz sal\u0131m\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re, koma a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak karbondioksit i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ba\u015f yazar\u0131 Dr. Martin Cordiner, \u015fu ifadeleri kullan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n \u201c3I\/ATLAS, al\u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131. \u00d6te yandan, normal kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlarla bir\u00e7ok spektral \u00f6zelli\u011fi de ortak: buz, gaz ve toz i\u00e7eriyor.\u201d<\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan, Loeb ve ekibinin 16 Temmuz\u2019da arXiv adl\u0131 \u00f6n bask\u0131 platformuna y\u00fcklenen makalede, bunun s\u0131radan bir kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z de\u011fil, potansiyel olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f bir uygarl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f bir casus ara\u00e7 olabilece\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n Makale do\u011frudan kan\u0131t sunmasa da cismin \u201cola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerine\u201d dikkat \u00e7ekerek bu ihtimalin g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemesi gerekti\u011fini savunuyordu.<\/p>\n Vanderbilt \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Oem Trivedi ile ortak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir makalede Loeb, 3I\/ATLAS\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f sistemi i\u00e7lerine girerken izledi\u011fi y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin, rastgele bir cisimden beklenmeyecek kadar d\u00fczenli oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n \u0130kilinin hesaplamas\u0131na g\u00f6re cisim, gezegenlerin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesel d\u00fczlemiyle b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda hizalanm\u0131\u015f durumda; bu durumun tesad\u00fcfen ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca binde be\u015f.<\/p>\n Loeb, 3I\/ATLAS\u2019\u0131n uzayl\u0131lara ait teknolojik bir eser olmas\u0131 durumunda bunun \u201ckaranl\u0131k orman hipotezine\u201d i\u015faret edebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Bu hipotez, evrende ba\u015fka uygarl\u0131klar varsa bile, onlar\u0131n kendilerini gizlediklerini ve sessiz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Loeb’e g\u00f6re bu senaryo do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131karsa, insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in tehlikeli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir ve savunma \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekebilir.<\/p>\n Ancak bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6kbilimci bu iddialara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Michigan Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden astronom Darryl Seligman, Livescience\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, cismin klasik kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z belirtileri g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini dile getirerek, \u201cT\u00fcm veriler bunun ba\u015fka bir y\u0131ld\u0131z sisteminden f\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u0131radan bir kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Avi Loeb, daha \u00f6nce 2017\u2019de ke\u015ffedilen ilk y\u0131ld\u0131zlararas\u0131 cisim olan \u2018Oumuamua\u2019n\u0131n da uzayl\u0131lara ait bir ara\u00e7 olabilece\u011fini iddia etmi\u015fti. Loeb ayr\u0131ca y\u0131llar \u00f6nce Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019na d\u00fc\u015fen ate\u015f topunun da bir uzayl\u0131 teknolojisine dair kal\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7erdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Galileo Projesi kapsam\u0131nda okyanustan par\u00e7alar toplayan Loeb, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucunda herhangi bir kan\u0131t elde edememi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Loeb, kariyerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kara delikler, karanl\u0131k madde ve ilk y\u0131ld\u0131zlara dair y\u00fczlerce makaleye \u00f6nderlik etti. Harvard \u00dcniversitesi’nde Astrofizik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc’n\u00fcn y\u00f6neticili\u011fini yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n Ancak 2017’de G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’ne giren \u2018Oumuamua, Loeb’in uzayda ya\u015fam aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na e\u011filmesine ve hatta baz\u0131 meslekta\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re buna giderek tak\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 hale gelmesine neden oldu.<\/p>\n Loeb’in, 2017\u2019de G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’nden ge\u00e7erken tespit edilen ve “ke\u015ffedilen ilk y\u0131ld\u0131zlararas\u0131 nesne” unvan\u0131n\u0131 alan Oumuamua’yla ilgili teorileri b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Astrofizik\u00e7i bu gizemli g\u00f6k cisminin uzayl\u0131lara ait bir “\u0131\u015f\u0131k yelkenlisi”nden koptu\u011funu ve 25 \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzaktaki Vega y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden, G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019ne do\u011fru savruldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n G\u00f6kbilimci \u0131\u015f\u0131k yelkenlisini, kitab\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in The Salon’a verdi\u011fi bir r\u00f6portajda \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cI\u015f\u0131k yelkenlisini r\u00fczgar g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yararlanan bir yelkenli [uzay arac\u0131] gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz. R\u00fczgar yelkenliyi iter. I\u015f\u0131k yelkeni s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda ise onu iten \u015fey, y\u00fczeyinden yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n Oumuamua uzun zaman \u00f6nce G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’ni terk etti\u011fi i\u00e7in cisme yak\u0131ndan bakmak art\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n Astronomlar, \u015fimdiye kadar g\u00f6zlemlenen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131ld\u0131zlararas\u0131 cisim olan 3I\/ATLAS\u2019\u0131 daha iyi anlamak i\u00e7in verileri incelemeye devam ediyor. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u0131zl\u0131 bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye sahip olan cisim, bu hafta Mars<\/a>\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ecek.<\/p>\n Hen\u00fcz hakem de\u011ferlendirmesinden ge\u00e7memi\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, uluslararas\u0131 bir astronom ekibi, ziyaret\u00e7inin Mars’a yakla\u015f\u0131rken s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 maddeler sald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti.<\/p>\n Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7ok B\u00fcy\u00fck Teleskopu\u2019nun (VLT) Ultraviyole ve G\u00f6rsel Echelle Spektrograf\u0131 (UVES) ile toplanan verileri analiz eden ara\u015ft\u0131rma, 3I\/ATLAS\u2019\u0131n gaz plazmas\u0131nda nikel ve demirin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek oranlarda bulundu\u011funu ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, cismin al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n astronomlar\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmaya devam etti\u011fini belirtiyor:<\/p>\n “Kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fi uzakl\u0131klarda s\u0131cakl\u0131k, nikeli ve demiri i\u00e7eren silikat, s\u00fclf\u00fcr ve metalik par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 buharla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu nedenle kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z koma\u2019s\u0131nda nikelin ve demirin bulunmas\u0131 son derece \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131.”<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bunun iki olas\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynaklanabilece\u011fini belirtiyor: ya cisim metal a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin, ya da kimyasal anomaliler nedeniyle metal \u00fcretimi artm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bu durum, daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6zlemlenen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek karbondioksit\/oksijen oran\u0131yla da uyumlu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Loeb ise bu yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla ilgili blog yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, NASA\u2019n\u0131n Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u2019\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131za daha yak\u0131ndan bakmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Bu sayede cismin \u00e7ap\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha kesin bir tahmin elde edilebilecek.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n“EN ESK\u0130 KUYRUKLU YILDIZ”<\/strong><\/h3>\n
LOEB VE EK\u0130B\u0130 NE \u0130DD\u0130A ED\u0130YOR?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
KARANLIK ORMAN H\u0130POTEZ\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n
UZAYLILAR \u201cB\u0130Z\u0130 \u0130LK KEZ Z\u0130YARET ETM\u0130YOR\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n
3I \/ ATLAS, MARS’A YAKLA\u015eIYOR<\/strong><\/h3>\n